The other alkali metal ions play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. Rubidium chloride, which has been reported to have antidepressive activity, can cause some health issues due to its preferential accumulation property. The biological function of rubidium is ambiguous. Its radioactive counterparts can cause many health problems such as cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal distress, hyperirritability and spasms. Cesium is not an essential element for human beings, but its role in biochemistry and physiology has been well established. Francium, which is highly radioactive and most likely toxic, plays no known biological role. Juyoung Yoon, in Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2018 2 NIR fluorescence probes for alkali metal ions (Na +, K +)Īlkali metal ions include lithium (Li +), sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), rubidium (Rb +), cesium (Cs + ) and francium (Fr +) ions. As has been discussed in Chapter 10, the metals in Groups IA (especially) and IIA (to a slight extent) are somewhat soluble in liquid ammonia and amines, and the solutions have many interesting characteristics.ĭi Wu. All are very strong reducing agents that form binary compounds with most nonmetallic elements and even some other metals that have higher electronegativity. The electronegativities of these metals range from about 0.8 to slightly over 1.0 (except for beryllium, which has an electronegativity of 1.6). Moreover, lime is still produced by heating limestone, and the quantity produced is enormous.Īs a result of the decrease in ionization potential, the reactivity of the metals in Groups IA and IIA increases in progressing down in the group. These compounds have been important for thousands of years and they still are. Lithium carbonate is the most important industrial compound of lithium and is the starting point for the production of most other lithium compounds.Ī This is the radius of the ion having the charge equal to the group number.Ī large number of compounds of the Group IA and IIA metals occur naturally (salt, soda, limestone, etc.). The chapter also discusses the methods of production of alkali metals. One of the most remarkable features of the alkali metals is their ready solubility in liquid ammonia to give bright blue, metastable solutions with unusual properties. All the alkali metals have characteristic flame colorations because of the ready excitation of the outermost electron, and this is the basis of their analytical determination by flame photometry or atomic absorption spectroscopy. The chapter illustrates the atomic, general, physical, and chemical properties of alkali metals. Lithium is harder than sodium but softer than lead. All elements are silvery-white except cesium, which is golden yellow in color. The group 1 elements are soft, low-melting metals that crystallize with bcc lattices. This chapter discusses the discovery, isolation, abundance, and distribution of the alkali metals-lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. In Chemistry of the Elements (Second Edition), 1997 Publisher Summary
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